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Trump National Golf Club, Los Angeles is a public golf club in Rancho Palos Verdes, California featuring a course designed by Pete Dye and Donald J. Trump Signature Design.〔 It is owned by Donald J. Trump. Trump National Golf Club Los Angeles was formerly known as Ocean Trails Golf Club, an 18–hole course designed by Pete Dye, which was about to open when a landslide occurred and the 18th hole slid toward the Pacific Ocean. The Ocean Trails Golf Club subsequently went into bankruptcy, and on November 26, 2002 Trump bought the property for $27 million, intending to redesign the course.〔 It includes a clubhouse.〔 It is ranked among the ''Top 100 Courses You Can Play'' by ''Golf Magazine''.〔 The club is known for its picturesque views of the Pacific Ocean and Catalina Island. It also features three artificial waterfalls.〔 The Michael Douglas Pro-Celebrity and Friends Golf Tournament takes place there annually, in April.〔 At a total cost of $264 million, Trump National Golf Club, Los Angeles is the most expensive golf course ever constructed.〔〔〔 It is also the only ocean-front golf course in LA County.〔 ==History== Trump National's predecessor, the Ocean Trails Golf Club, was part of a 150-acre property owned by developer Edward Zuckerman and a partner. Prior to the Zuckerman purchase, the property was used as a farm.〔 The golf course is on a peninsula known for its landslides.〔 The height of the peninsula of 370 meters above sea level and the action of the waves are two main contributing factors for the landslides. The stratification of the sedimentary rock below the course is visible in the high cliffs of the area as it gradually slopes seaward. The sloping and stratification create favorable conditions for the generation of landslides. As a result, homes and roads have been lost to the ocean in that area.〔 In the area occupied by the golf course and its vicinity, there are three ancient landslides which have been named by geologists as A, B and C respectively.〔 The green of the Ocean Trails golf course 18th hole and half of its fairway were on top of ancient landslide C.〔 On June 2, 1999 the construction on the $126 million Ocean Trails golf course was almost complete and the course was close to its scheduled opening when a landslide unexpectedly occurred, caused by the sudden reactivation of ancient landslide C,〔 and 300 meters of the 18th hole fairway disappeared under the ocean when a fissure parallel to the cliff appeared and subsequently collapsed.〔 A 215 meter long island was created due to the landslide, temporarily trapping a local resident.〔 The landslide caused most of the 496 yard par 4 18th hole to slide 50 ft. toward the ocean,〔 including the fairway and green.〔〔〔〔 Also due to the slide, bike paths, walking paths, the edge of the bluffs and a segment of an LA County sewer line disappeared. It is believed that fluid discharge from the sewer line, probably leaking before the slide, acted as a lubricant on the thin underlying layer of bentonite, which became saturated with liquid sewage in turn, and this acted as a facilitator for the stratified geological accumulations to slide relative to each other.〔〔 Bentonite, a form of clay, exhibits a low frictional coefficient when wet, i.e. it becomes slippery.〔 The golf course opened with only 15 holes because of the landslide.〔 The landslide caused the Ocean Trails Golf Course construction project to go into bankruptcy. Covered by insurance funds, a massive geotechnical project was launched to reconstruct the 18th hole using 1,250,000 cubic yards of earth to fill it.〔 The stabilization work and the slide caused cosmetic damage to the course.〔 At the time, golf course historian Geoff Shackelford said that at the then projected cost of repair of more than $20 million, the 18th hole would have been "the most expensive single hole in history".〔 After three years, legal issues between the involved banks and developers caused the geological stabilization work to stop.〔 In 2002 Donald Trump stepped in and bought the property,〔 including the golf course, with the intention of finalizing construction and repairs by the summer of 2003. On January 20, 2006 the 18-hole Trump National Golf Club opened in Los Angeles. The reinforcement fill designed to stabilize the area affected by the slide is located under holes 17 and 18.〔 During the massive geological stabilization process the golf course was open for business.〔 The geological stabilization process was based on a geotechnical design involving the use of geosynthetic materials designed to enhance the cohesion and strength of the landslide fill.〔 Asked about the safety of the work, Trump said: "If I'm ever in California for an earthquake, this is where I want to be standing".〔 In 2008 Trump sued the city of Rancho Palos Verdes for $100 million, alleging that the city did not allow him to make the improvements needed to maintain the Trump image.〔〔 The lawsuit was settled in 2012 for undisclosed terms. In 2015, the course was to have become the host of the PGA Grand Slam of Golf.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.pga.com/grandslam/news/pga-grand-slam-golf-moves-trump-national-los-angeles )〕 The tournament was cancelled due to Trump's comments about Mexican immigrants. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Trump National Golf Club (Los Angeles)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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